Jazz and Drugs Over Time essays

Jazz and Drugs Over Time essays The purpose of this paper is to introduce, discuss, and analyze the topic of drug abuse and alcoholism during the jazz age. Specifically, it will discuss the history of abuse and its' effects on musicians and the music itself. Jazz music has a long and varied history in the United States, and unfortunately, it has a long history of drug and alcohol abuse among performers, too. This abuse helped give jazz an undeserved reputation among many listeners, but it also created a sub-culture among performers that has been difficult to overcome. Jazz is more than music and enticing rhythms, jazz is a state of mind for many, and that may be why so many jazz musicians and performers alter their states of mind with alcohol and drugs. Jazz music first came into being in the early 20th century, and the word was first noted around 1913 (Teachout 58). A jazz writer notes, "That word jazz is ambitious... The origin of the word is uncertain. The term has been applied also to noisy proceedings, to loud writing, to eccentric and discordant coloring'" (Osgood 10). Often performed by black musicians, jazz played a part in the Harlem Renaissance in New York, and remains one of the most popular forms of music today. However, jazz has always seemed to attract addictive personalities. The annals of jazz history are loaded with names synonymous with great music and addiction. Billie Holiday, Charlie Parker, Serge Chaloff, Chet Baker, Art Pepper, Miles Davis, John Coltrane, and Bill Evans are just a few of the jazz names associated with drug abuse, and many, many more musicians abused alcohol because it was so prevalent in the clubs they played. Alcoholism and drug addition bedeviled so many jazz musicians that the music came to be known for its grand beat and rhythm, but for its interest in addiction, too. One writer notes, "Historically, drug addiction seems to go hand-in-hand with jazz. Drug stories about Charlie Parker, Miles Davis, Chet B...

Irregular Verb Forms

Irregular Verb Forms Irregular Verb Forms Irregular Verb Forms By Mark Nichol An irregular verb is one that does not follow the standard progression for various forms. Regular verbs are treated as shown below: Simple present: talk (I talk.) Simple past: talked (I talked.) Present participle: talking (I am talking.) Past participle: talked (I had talked.) Infinitive: to talk (I like to talk.) Irregular verbs take the same form in three of these categories, but their simple-past and past-participle forms are irregular, and there lies the difficulty. However, notice a common feature among verbs with the long i sound: Simple present: ride, drive, write Simple past: rode, drove, wrote Past participle: had ridden, had driven, had written In the simple past, the vowel changes to a long o sound, while the vowel becomes a short i sound in the past-participle form. Therefore, you can extrapolate for the progression from simple present to simple past to past participle for other words, as with rise, rose, had risen. For many verbs with vowels that sound like a long e or a short i, the progression is as follows: Simple present: drink, sink, sing Simple past: drank, sank, sang Past participle: had drunk, had sunk, had sung From this pattern you can deduce that shrink will change to shrank or had shrunk, while begin progresses to began and had begun and swim changes to swam and had swum. Of course, there are many exceptions: Bind progresses to bound, not bond, and to had bound, rather than had binden. Likewise, the progression from blow to blew to had blown is not matched by show, showed, and had shown. When in doubt, search online for a list of irregular verbs to note the correct forms for your problem verb. Want to improve your English in five minutes a day? Get a subscription and start receiving our writing tips and exercises daily! Keep learning! Browse the Grammar category, check our popular posts, or choose a related post below:50 Idioms About Talking"Latter," not "Ladder"Conversational Email